[Duolingo FRENCH] 002. 듀오링고 프랑스어 독학 기초 BASIC 2.

[Duolingo FRENCH] 002. 듀오링고 프랑스어 독학 기초 BASIC 2. 

@LESSON 1/5

The men = les hommes _ 그 남자

Nous sommes calmes.= We are calm. _ 우리는 조용합니다.

Nous sommes riches.= we are rich. _ 우리는 부자입니다.

Les hommes sont calmes.= The men are calm. _ 그 남자들은 조용합니다.

Les hommes sont calmes et riches.= The men are calm and rich. _ 그 남자들은 조용하고 부자입니다.

Les hommes sont calmes.= The men are calm. _ 그 남자들은 조용합니다.

@LESSON 2/5

the dresses = les robes _ 그 옷들

the letter = la lettre _ 그 편지

the book = le livre _ 그 책

Les robes sont rouges. = The dresses are red. 그 옷들은 빨간색 입니다.

J'écris. = (I) write/am writing. _ 나는 씁니다.

The book is black.= le livre est noir. _ 그 책은 검은색 입니다.

La lettre est rouge. = The letter is red. _ 그 편지는 빨간색입니다.

J'écris une lettre. = I am writting a letter. _ 나는 편지를 쓰는중 입니다.

La pomme et le livre sont rousges. = The apple and the book are red. _ 그 사과와 책은 빨간색 입니다.

Le livre est noir. = The book is black._ 그 책은 검은색 입니다.

A book = Un livre _ 한 책

@LESSON 3/5

Nous mangeons.= we eat(are eating). _ 우리는 먹는다.

Nous avons un chat.= We have a cat. _ 우리는 한 고양이를 가졌다.

Vous avez une lettre. = You have a letter. _ 너는 한 편지를 가졌다.

Vous mangez.= You eat(are eating). _ 당신은 먹는 중이다.

Vous êtes riches.= You are rich. _ 당신은 부자이다.

Vous mangez une orange. = You are eating an orange. _ 당신은 한 오렌지를 먹고있는 중이다.

Vous êtes un homme. = You are a man. _ 당신은 한 남자이다.

Vous avez une lettre. = You have a letter. _ 당신은 한 편지를 가졌다.

Nous avons un chat. = We have a cat. _ 우리는 한 고양이를 가졌다.

Nous mangeons une orange. = We are eating an orange. _ 우리는 한 오렌지를 먹고 있다.

@LESSON 4/5

the menu = le menu _ 그 메뉴

the newspaper = le journal _ 그 신문

Les livres sont rouges. = The books are red. _ 그 책들은 빨간색이다.

Ils sont riches et calmes.= They are rich and calm. _ 그들은 부자이고 조용하다.

Elles sont riches. = They are rich. _ 그들은 부자이다.

Nous lisons. = We read(are reading). _ 우리는 읽는다.

Elle lit un livre. = She reads a book. _ 그녀는 한 책을 읽는다.

@LESSON 5/5

Les filles = The girls _ 그 소녀들

Les femmes = The women _ 그여자들

Les garçons sont calmes.= The boys are calm. _ 그 소년들은 조용하다.

Ils mangent. = They eat. _ 그들은 먹는다.

Ils écrivent. = They write. _ 그들은 쓴다.

Les hommes lisent. = The men read. _ 그 남자들은 읽는다.

Les enfants = The kids(children) _ 그 아이들

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LESSON 1

les, nous, sommes, hommes, sont, riches, calmes

LESSON 2

j', aime, écris, livre, lettre, robes, rouges

LESSON 3

vous, mangez, êtes, avez, avons, mangeons, aimons

LESSON 4

lit, lisons, journal, menu, livres, elles, ils

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Tips and notes

Grammar notes like those below can be helpful if you're having trouble with the lessons, so consider trying the lessons above before reading the notes. They'll be more helpful once you have a context for understanding them.

Plurals

Many French words have plural forms. Plural nouns and adjectives often end in -s, though the S is usually silent.

• homme ("man") ⇒ hommes ("men")
• femme ("woman") ⇒ femmes ("women")
• chat noir ("black cat") ⇒ chats noirs ("black cats")

There are also plural forms for pronouns and verb conjugations. Consider parler ("to speak"):

Person	French	Example
I	je	Je parle. — I speak.
You (singular)	tu	Tu parles. — You speak.
You (formal)	vous	Vous parlez. — You speak.
He	il	Il parle. — He speaks.
She	elle	Elle parle. — She speaks.
We	nous	Nous parlons. — We speak.
You (plural)	vous	Vous parlez. — You speak.
They (any group including a male)	ils	Ils parlent. — They speak.
They (all women)	elles	Elles parlent. — They speak.

Tu or Vous?

French has two words for the subject pronoun "you": tu and vous. For a singular "you", tushould only be used for friends, peers, relatives, children, or anyone else who's very familiar to you. In all other cases and also for plurals, the more polite vous should be used to show respect. When in doubt, use vous.

Agreement

Pronouns, adjectives, and articles must agree with their nouns in both gender and number. Consider the examples below and note how the article and adjective change to agree with each noun.

• Masculine singular: Le chat noir — The black cat
• Masculine plural: Les chats noirs — The black cats
• Feminine singular: La robe noire — The black dress
• Feminine plural: Les robes noires — The black dresses

Not all adjectives change forms. For instance, riche is the same for both masculine and feminine singular nouns.

Continuous Tenses

English has two present tenses: simple ("I write") and continuous ("I am writing"), but French has no specialized continuous verb tenses. This means that "I write", "I am writing", and "I do write" can translate to j'écris (not je suis écris) and vice versa.

However, the idiomatic phrase « être en train de » is often used to indicate that someone is in the process of doing something.

• Je suis en train de manger. — I am [in the process of] eating.

When translating, remember that English stative verbs have no continuous forms. For instance, « j'aime un garçon » cannot be translated as "I am loving a boy".

Ah, L'Amour

Love is tricky in France. For people and pets, aimer means "to love", but if you add an adverb, like in aimer bien, it means "to like". For everything else, aimer only means "to like". Adorer can always mean "to love", though it tends to be more coy than aimer.